1. Kuyini ukushintsha?
Ukuhwebelana, ukushintsha kuhambisana nezidingo zokudluliselwa kolwazi, ulwazi okufanele ludluliselwe imanuwali noma okokusebenza kumzila ohambisanayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo. I-Broad switch switch iwuhlobo lwedivayisi eqeda umsebenzi wokushintshisana ngolwazi ohlelweni lokuxhumana. Le nqubo iwukushintshaniswa kokwenziwa. Kunjalo, manje sesivele saziwa amaswishi alawulwa uhlelo, inqubo yokushintshisana iyazenzakalela. Kuhlelo lwenethiwekhi yekhompiyutha, umqondo wokushintshana uwukuthuthukiswa kwemodi yokusebenza okwabiwe. Sethule ihabhu le-HUB uhlobo lwemishini yokwabelana, i-HUB ngokwayo ayikwazi ukukhomba ikheli, lapho umsingathi ofanayo we-LAN kudatha ye-B host, amaphakethe wedatha kunethiwekhi asakazwa ngokudluliswa, ngetheminali ngayinye, ngedatha yokuqinisekisa imininingwane yekheli le-Baotou. ukunquma ukuthi uzokwamukela yini. Okusho ukuthi, ngale ndlela yokusebenza, isethi eyodwa kuphela yamafreyimu wedatha ingadluliselwa kunethiwekhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi uma kukhona ukungqubuzana, kufanele uzame futhi. Le ndlela iwukwabelana ngomkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi. Iswishi inebhasi elibuyela emuva elinomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kakhulu kanye ne-matrix yokushintshisana yangaphakathi. Zonke izimbobo zokushintsha zinamathiselwe ebhasini elingemuva. Ngemuva kokuthi isifunda sokulawula sithole iphakethe, imbobo yokucubungula izothola ithebula lokulawula ikheli enkumbulweni ukuze kunqunywe i-NIC (ikhadi lenethiwekhi) ye-MAC (ikheli le-hardware lekhadi lenethiwekhi) ethekwini okuyiwa kulo ngembobo okuyiwa kuyo, ukushintshana nethuba. ukuze "ufunde" ikheli elisha bese ulengeza kuthebula lekheli langaphakathi. Ukushintshanisa nokushintsha kusuka ohlelweni lokuxhumana ngocingo (PSTN), manje sesingabona ku-movie endala: umphathi (umsebenzisi shayela) uthathe umbhobho ukuze unyakazise, ihhovisi liwumugqa womshini ogcwele wezintambo, ogqoke i-headset call lady ngemuva ethola izidingo zokuxhuma, faka intambo ekuphumeni okuhambisanayo, sungula ukuxhumana kokuphela kwamaklayenti amabili, kuze kuphele ucingo. Lokhu kungase futhi "kuhlukanise" inethiwekhi, lapho ukushintshwa kuvumela kuphela ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi edingekayo ngokusebenzisa iswishi. Ngokuhlunga nokudluliswa kweswishi, ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo iziphepho zokusakaza, inciphise ukwenzeka kwamaphakethe amanga namaphakethe angalungile, futhi igweme ukungqubuzana okwabiwe. Iswishi ingadlulisela idatha phakathi kwamapheya amaningi ezimbobo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imbobo ngayinye ingathathwa njengengxenye yenethiwekhi ehlukile, futhi idivayisi yenethiwekhi exhunywe kuyo iyodwa ijabulela wonke umkhawulokudonsa, ngaphandle kokuncintisana namanye amadivaysi. Uma i-node A ithumela idatha ku-node D, inodi B ingathumela idatha ku-node C ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kokubili ukuthunyelwa kujabulela umkhawulokudonsa ogcwele wenethiwekhi futhi kunokuxhumana kwabo okubonakalayo. Uma iswishi ye-Ethernet engu-10Mbps isetshenziswa lapha, ukuzungeza okuphelele kweswishi kuyalingana no-210Mbps=20Mbps, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-HUB eyabelwe engu-10Mbps, ukuzungeza okuphelele kwe-HUB ngeke kudlule u-10Mbps. Ngamafuphi, iswishi iyidivayisi yenethiwekhi esekelwe ekuhlonzeni ikheli le-MAC futhi ingaqedela umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa nokudlulisa amaphakethe wedatha. Iswishi ingakwazi"
2. Iyini indima yeswishi?
Igama elithi "Exchange" liyigama elivame kakhulu ku-inthanethi namuhla, ukusuka ekuxhumaneni kuya emzileni oya ku-ATM kuya ohlelweni locingo, lingasetshenziswa, hhayi ukuthi yikuphi ukushintshana kwangempela. Eqinisweni, igama elithi ukushintshana laqala ukuvela ohlelweni lwezingcingo, okubhekisela ekushintshaneni kwezimpawu zezwi phakathi kwamafoni amabili ahlukene, futhi idivayisi eqeda umsebenzi wumshini wocingo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kwakuhlosiwe ekuqaleni, ukushintshanisa kumane kuwumqondo wezobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, ukuqedela ukudluliselwa kwesignali kusukela emnyango wedivayisi oya ekuphumeni. Ngakho-ke, wonke amadivaysi inqobo nje uma ekhona futhi ehlangabezana nencazelo angabizwa ngokuthi ama-switching devices. Ngakho, "ukushintshana" yigama elibanzi elibhekisela kudivayisi yokubhula lapho isetshenziselwa ukuchaza isendlalelo sesibili senethiwekhi yedatha, kanye nedivayisi yomzila lapho isetshenziselwa ukuchaza idivayisi yesendlalelo sesithathu senethiwekhi yedatha. . Iswishi ye-Ethernet esivame ukukhuluma ngayo iyidivayisi yenethiwekhi enezimbobo eziningi zesendlalelo sesibili esisekelwe kubuchwepheshe bebhuloho, ehlinzeka ngokubambezeleka okuphansi nokufinyelela phezulu okuphansi kokudluliselwa kozimele bedatha kusuka kwesinye imbobo kuya kwesinye. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube ne-matrix yokushintshanisa ngaphakathi kwengqikithi yeswishi enikeza indlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izimbobo ezimbili, noma ibhasi lokushintshana ngokushesha ukuze lithumele amafreyimu edatha atholwe inoma iyiphi imbobo evela kwezinye izimbobo. Kumadivayisi asebenzayo, umsebenzi we-matrix yokushintshanisa uvame ukuqedwa yi-chip ekhethekile (ASIC). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshwa kwe-ethernet emcabangweni wokuklama kunombono obalulekile, okungukuthi ukushintshaniswa kwejubane eliyinhloko kushesha kakhulu, kangangokuthi ngokuvamile idatha enkulu yethrafikhi ngeke yenze ukuminyana kwayo, ngamanye amazwi, ikhono lokushintshanisa ngokuhlobene nolwazi futhi okungapheli (ngokuphambene, ukushintsha kwe-ATM kumbono wokuklama, ukuthi ikhono lokushintshana lesihlobo kulwazi lilinganiselwe). Nakuba ukushintsha kwe-ethernet tier 2 kusekelwe ebhulohweni elinamachweba amaningi, ukushintsha kunezici zakhona ezinothile, okungeyona nje indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola umkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe, kodwa futhi kwenza inethiwekhi ilawuleke kalula.
3 Uhlelo lokusebenza lokushintsha
Njengedivayisi yokuxhumana eyinhloko ye-LAN, ukushintshwa kwe-Ethernet sekungenye yamadivayisi enethiwekhi aziwa kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokuhwebelana, intengo ye-Ethernet switch yehle kakhulu, futhi ukushintshiselana nedeskithophu kube inkambiso evamile. Uma i-Ethernet yakho inabasebenzisi abaningi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimatasa, kanye nenhlobonhlobo yamaseva, futhi ungenzanga izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwayo, konke ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kungaba phansi kakhulu. Isixazululo esisodwa ukwengeza i-switch engu-10 / 100Mbps ku-Ethernet, engakwazi kuphela ukuphatha ukusakazwa kwedatha ye-Ethernet evamile ku-10Mbps, kodwa futhi isekela uxhumano olusheshayo lwe-Ethernet ku-100Mbps. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi kudlula u-40% futhi izinga lokushayisana likhulu kuno-10%, iswishi ingakusiza ukuxazulula kancane. Ukushintsha okune-Ethernet esheshayo engu-100Mbps kanye nezimbobo ze-Ethernet ezingu-10Mbps zingasebenza nge-duplex egcwele, ngoxhumo oluzinikele olungu-20Mbps ukuya ku-200Mbps olusunguliwe. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi imisebenzi yokushintsha ihlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene zenethiwekhi, kodwa futhi imiphumela yokwengeza amaswishi amasha namaswishi akhona endaweni efanayo yenethiwekhi. Ukuqonda ngokugcwele kanye nokwenza kahle imodi yethrafikhi yenethiwekhi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokudlala indima yokushintsha. Ngoba inhloso yokusebenzisa iswishi ikude ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa nokuhlunga ukugeleza kwedatha kunethiwekhi, ngakho-ke uma inkinobho kunethiwekhi ngenxa yendawo engafanele yokufaka, cishe idinga ukudlulisa wonke amaphakethe atholiwe, ukushintshwa akukwazi ukudlala indima ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kodwa kunciphisa isivinini sokudluliswa kwedatha, kwandise ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi. Ngokungeziwe endaweni yokufaka, kungase futhi kube nomthelela omubi uma amaswishi nawo engezwa ngokungaboni kumanethiwekhi anomthwalo ophansi nolwazi oluphansi. Ithonywe isikhathi sokucubungula sephakethe, usayizi webhafa wokushintsha kanye nesidingo sokuvuselela amaphakethe amasha, ukusebenzisa i-HUB elula kungcono kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, ngeke simane sicabange ukuthi ukushintsha kunezinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-HUB, ikakhulukazi uma inethiwekhi yomsebenzisi ingaminyene futhi kunesikhala esiningi esitholakalayo, ukusebenzisa i-HUB kungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza ezikhona zenethiwekhi.
4. Izindlela zokushintsha ezintathu zokushintsha
1. Uhlobo oluqondile (Sika udlule)
Ukushintshwa kwe-Ethernet kumodi eqondile kungaqondwa njengokushintshwa kocingo lwe-matrix phakathi kwamachweba. Lapho imbobo yokufaka ithola iphakheji yedatha, ihlola unhlokweni wephakheji, ithola ikheli eliqondiwe lephakheji, iqala ithebula lokusesha eliguquguqukayo langaphakathi ukuze iliguqule libe yimbobo yokukhiphayo ehambisanayo, ixhuma empambanweni yokokufaka nokukhiphayo, futhi ixhuma iphakethe ledatha embotsheni ehambisanayo ukuze ibone umsebenzi wokushintshanisa. Njengoba kungekho sitoreji esidingekayo, ukubambezeleka kuncane kakhulu futhi ukushintshaniswa kuyashesha kakhulu, okuyinzuzo yakho. Okubi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwephakethe akulondolozwe iswishi ye-Ethernet, ayikwazi ukuhlola ukuthi amaphakethe adlulisiwe awalungile yini futhi awakwazi ukunikeza amandla okuthola iphutha. Njengoba ingekho inqolobane, izimbobo zokufaka / zokukhiphayo ezinamanani ahlukene azikwazi ukuxhunywa ngokuqondile futhi kulula ukulahlekelwa amaphakethe.
2. Isitoreji nokudlulisa (Isitolo & Dlulisa)
Imodi yesitoreji neyokudlulisa iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wenethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Igcina amaphakethe embobo yokufaka kuqala, bese yenza isheke le-CRC (ukuhlolwa kwekhodi ye-cyclic redundancy). Ngemva kokucubungula iphakethe lephutha, ikheli eliqondiwe lephakethe liyasuswa, bese lithumela iphakethe endaweni yokukhipha ngethebula lokusesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, imodi yokugcina neyokudlulisela inokubambezeleka okukhulu ekucutshungulweni kwedatha, okuwukuntula kwayo, kodwa ingakwazi ukubona amaphakethe wedatha angena kuswishi futhi ithuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ikakhulukazi, ingasekela ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezimbobo ngesivinini esihlukile, igcine ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimbobo zesivinini esikhulu nezimbobo zejubane eliphansi.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kweziqephu (Iziqephu Ezimahhala)
Lesi yisixazululo endaweni ethile phakathi nalezi ezimbili zokuqala. Ihlola ukuthi ingabe iphakethe lingamabhayithi angu-64, futhi uma lingaphansi kwamabhayithi angu-64, lingamanga; uma ingaphezu kwamabhayithi angama-64, iphakethe liyathunyelwa. Le ndlela futhi ayinikezi ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha. Isivinini sayo sokucubungula idatha siyashesha kunemodi yokugcina neyokudlulisela, kodwa sihamba kancane kunemodi eqondile.
5 Shintsha ukuhlukaniswa
Ngobubanzi, ukushintsha kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: I-WAN switch kanye ne-LAN switch. Amaswishi e-WAN asetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, ahlinzeka ngenkundla eyisisekelo yokuxhumana. Futhi amaswishi e-LAN asetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi endawo ukuze kuxhunywe izisetshenziswa zetheminali, njengama-PC namaphrinta enethiwekhi. Kusukela ku-transmission medium kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa singahlukaniswa nge-switch ye-Ethernet, ukushintsha kwe-Ethernet okusheshayo, ukushintshwa kwe-Gigabit Ethernet, ukushintshwa kwe-FDDI, ukushintshwa kwe-ATM kanye nokushintsha indandatho yethokheni. Kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwesikali, ingahlukaniswa ngokushintsha kwezinga lebhizinisi, ukushintshwa kwezinga lomnyango kanye nokushintsha kweqembu elisebenzayo. Isikali somkhiqizi ngamunye asifani ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, ukushintshwa kweleveli yebhizinisi kuwuhlobo lwama-rack, kuyilapho ukushintshwa kwezinga lomnyango kungaba uhlobo lwe-rack (inombolo yesikhala esincane) noma uhlobo lokumisa olungaguquki, kuyilapho ukushintshwa kweleveli yeqembu elisebenzayo kuwuhlobo lokumisa olungaguquki (umsebenzi olula ngokuqhathaniswa). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokombono wesilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza, njengokushintshwa komgogodla, amaswishi amabhizinisi amakhulu anamaphuzu olwazi angaphezu kuka-500 amaswishi asezingeni lebhizinisi, amaswishi amabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo angaphansi kwamaphoyinti olwazi angama-300 amaswishi ezinga lomnyango, futhi ukushintsha phakathi kolwazi lwe-100. amaphuzu amaswishi ezingeni leqembu.
6 Shintsha umsebenzi
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokushintsha ihlanganisa
Indawo engokoqobo
Isakhiwo se-network topology
ukuhlola iphutha
Ukulandelana kozimele kanye nokulawula ukugeleza
I-VLAN (i-LAN ebonakalayo)
Ukuhlangana kwesixhumanisi
i-firewall
Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuxhuma ohlotsheni olufanayo lwamanethiwekhi, amaswishi angaphinda axhume phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi (njenge-Ethernet ne-Fast Ethernet). Ukushintsha okuningi namuhla kunganikeza izimbobo zokuxhuma ngesivinini esikhulu ezisekela i-Ethernet esheshayo noma i-FDDI, njll., ukuxhuma kwamanye amaswishi kunethiwekhi noma ukunikeza umkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe wamaseva abalulekile asebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, imbobo ngayinye yokushintsha isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ingxenye yenethiwekhi ehlukile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukunikeza isivinini sokufinyelela ngokushesha, singaxhuma amakhompyutha athile abalulekile enethiwekhi ngqo ku-switch port. Ngale ndlela, amaseva abalulekile nabasebenzisi abakhulu benethiwekhi bazoba nesivinini sokufinyelela ngokushesha futhi basekele ithrafikhi yolwazi olukhulu.
Mayelana NATHI
Shintsha ukuhlukaniswa kwephutha:
Amaphutha okushintsha ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa abe amaphutha ehadiwe kanye namaphutha esoftware. Ukuhluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekuhlulekeni kokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, indiza engemuva, imojula, ichweba nezinye izingxenye, ezingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo.
(1)Ukuhluleka kwamandla:
ukunikezwa kwamandla konakele noma isiphepheli siyama ngenxa yokungazinzi kwamandla kagesi angaphandle, noma intambo kagesi egugayo, ugesi ongashintshi noma umbani, ngakho ayikwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile. Ukulimala kwezinye izingxenye zomshini ngenxa yokunikezwa kwamandla nakho kuvame ukwenzeka. Ngokubona amaphutha anjalo, kufanele siqale senze umsebenzi omuhle wokuphakelwa kukagesi wangaphandle, sethule izintambo zikagesi ezizimele ukuze sinikeze ugesi ozimele, futhi sengeze isilawuli sikagesi ukuze sigweme ukwenzeka kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ngokushesha noma ukwehla kwamandla kagesi. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili zokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, akunakwenzeka ukunikeza amandla akabili ekushintsheni ngakunye. I-UPS (umthombo wamandla angaphazamiseki) ingangezwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezwa kwamandla okujwayelekile kwesishintshi, futhi kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-UPS ehlinzeka ngokusebenza kokuqina kwamandla kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuvikela umbani ezichwepheshile kufanele zisethwe egumbini lomshini ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kombani ekushintsheni.
(2) Ukwehluleka kwembobo:
lokhu ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbobo yefayibha noma ipheya esontekile yembobo ye-RJ-45, kufanele uqaphele lapho uxhuma futhi uxhuma isixhumi. Uma ipulaki ye-fiber ingcolile ngephutha, ingase ibangele ukungcoliswa kwe-fiber port futhi ayikwazi ukuxhumana ngokujwayelekile. Sivame ukubona abantu abaningi bathanda ukuphila ukuze baxhume isixhumi, ngokombono, kulungile, kodwa lokhu futhi kwandisa ngokungaqondile izehlakalo zokuhluleka kwechweba. Ukunakekela ngesikhathi sokuphatha kungase futhi kubangele ukulimala ngokomzimba echwebeni. Uma usayizi wekhanda lekristalu likhulu, kulula futhi ukucekela phansi imbobo lapho ufaka iswishi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingxenye yamapheya asontekile exhunywe embobeni ivezwa ngaphandle, uma ikhebula lishaywa umbani, imbobo yokushintsha izolimala noma ibangele umonakalo ongalindelekile. Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kwembobo kuwumonakalo endaweni eyodwa noma eziningana. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqeda iphutha lekhompyutha exhunywe echwebeni, ungakwazi esikhundleni sechweba elixhunyiwe ukuze wahlulele ukuthi lonakele yini. Ngokwehluleka okunjalo, hlanza imbobo ngebhola likakotini lotshwala ngemva kokuba amandla ecishiwe. Uma imbobo yonakele ngempela, imbobo izoshintshwa kuphela.
(3) Ukwehluleka kwemojuli:
ukushintshwa kwakhiwe amamojula amaningi, njengemojula yokupakisha, imojula yokuphatha (eyaziwa nangokuthi imojula yokulawula), imojula yokwandisa, njll. Amathuba okwehluleka kwalawa mamojula mancane kakhulu, kodwa uma kunenkinga, azokwazi ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Ukwehluleka okunjalo kungenzeka uma imojuli ixhunywa ngephutha, noma iswishi ingqubuzana, noma ukunikezwa kwamandla kuzinzile. Vele, amamojula amathathu okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla anokuxhumana kwangaphandle, okulula ukukubona, futhi amanye angakwazi nokukhomba iphutha ngokukhanya kwenkomba kumojuli. Isibonelo, imojuli estakiwe inembobo ye-trapezoidal eyisicaba, noma amanye amaswishi anokuxhumana okufana ne-USB. Kukhona imbobo ye-CONSOLE kumojula yokuphatha yokuxhuma nekhompyutha yokuphatha inethiwekhi ukuze uphathwe kalula. Uma imojula yokwandisa ixhunywe ifayibha, kukhona ukupheya kokuxhumana kwefayibha. Lapho uxazulula amaphutha anjalo, qala ngokuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kweswishi nemojula, bese uhlola ukuthi imojuli ngayinye ifakwe endaweni efanele yini, futhi ekugcineni uhlole ukuthi ikhebula elixhuma imojuli ijwayelekile yini. Lapho uxhuma imojula yokuphatha, kufanele futhi icabangele ukuthi iyasithatha yini isilinganiso sokuxhuma esishiwo, noma ngabe kunokuhlolwa kokulingana, ukuthi kukhona yini ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwedatha nezinye izici. Lapho uxhuma imojula yokunweba, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi iyahambisana yini nemodi yokuxhumana, njengokusebenzisa imodi ye-duplex egcwele noma imodi eyi-half-duplex. Yiqiniso, uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi i-module inephutha, kunesixazululo esisodwa kuphela, okungukuthi, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha umphakeli ukuze uyishintshe.
(4) Ukwehluleka kwendiza engemuva:
imojuli ngayinye yokushintsha ixhunywe kubhanoyi engemuva. Uma imvelo imanzi, ibhodi lesifunda limanzi futhi lifushane, noma izingxenye zonakaliswe ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, isiteleka sombani nezinye izici zizobangela ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda lingakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Isibonelo, ukusebenza okungekuhle kokukhipha ukushisa noma izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphezulu kakhulu, okubangela izinga lokushisa emshinini, kuyala ukuthi izingxenye zishise. Endabeni yokunikezwa kwamandla okujwayelekile kwangaphandle, uma amamojula angaphakathi okushintsha engakwazi ukusebenza kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi i-backplane iphukile, kulokhu, indlela kuphela yokubuyisela i-backplane. Kodwa ngemva kokuvuselelwa kwehadiwe, ipuleti yesifunda yegama elifanayo ingaba namamodeli ahlukahlukene ahlukene. Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi yebhodi lesifunda entsha izohambisana nemisebenzi yebhodi lesifunda elidala. Kodwa umsebenzi webhodi lesifunda lemodeli endala awuhambisani nomsebenzi webhodi lesifunda elisha.
(5) Ukuhluleka kwekhebuli:
i-jumper exhuma ikhebula kanye nohlaka lokusabalalisa lusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amamojula, ama-racks kanye nemishini. Uma isifunda esifushane, isifunda esivulekile noma ukuxhumana okungamanga kwenzeka kumgogodla wekhebula noma i-jumper kulezi zintambo zokuxhuma, ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokuxhumana kuzokwakhiwa. Kusukela kumbono ongenhla wamaphutha amaningana we-hardware, imvelo empofu yegumbi lomshini kulula ukuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlukahlukene kwe-hardware, ngakho-ke ekwakhiweni kwegumbi lomshini, isibhedlela kufanele senze umsebenzi omuhle wokuvikela umbani phansi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, izinga lokushisa lasendlini, umswakama wasendlini, ukuphazamiseka kwe-anti-electromagnetic, ukwakhiwa kwe-anti-static nokunye kwemvelo, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo enhle yomsebenzi ojwayelekile wemishini yenethiwekhi.
Ukwehluleka kwesoftware koshintsho:
Ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe koshintsho kubhekisela ohlelweni kanye nokwehluleka kwalo ukucushwa, okungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo.
(1)iphutha lesistimu:
I-BUG Yohlelo: Kunokukhubazeka ohlelweni lwesofthiwe. Uhlelo lokushintsha luyinhlanganisela yehadiwe nesofthiwe. Ngaphakathi kweswishi, kunenkumbulo eqabulayo yokufunda kuphela ephethe isistimu yesofthiwe edingekayo kule swishi. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuklama ngaleso sikhathi, kunezintuba ezithile, lapho izimo zifanelekile, kuzoholela ekushintsheni umthwalo ogcwele, ukulahlekelwa kwesikhwama, isikhwama esingalungile nezinye izimo. Ngezinkinga ezinjalo, sidinga ukuthuthukisa umkhuba wokuphequlula amawebhusayithi abakhiqizi bemishini. Uma kukhona isistimu entsha noma isiqeshana esisha, sicela usibuyekeze ngesikhathi.
(2) Ukucushwa okungalungile:
Ngoba ekulungiseni okuhlukile kokushintsha, abalawuli benethiwekhi bavame ukuba namaphutha okumisa lapho belungisa. Amaphutha amakhulu yilawa: 1. Iphutha ledatha yesistimu: idatha yesistimu, kuhlanganise nokuhlelwa kwesofthiwe, isetshenziselwa ukuchaza uhlelo lonke. Uma idatha yesistimu ingalungile, izophinde ibangele ukwehluleka okuphelele kwesistimu, futhi ibe nomthelela kuyo yonke i-exchange bureau.2. Iphutha ledatha ye-Bureau: Idatha ye-bureau ichazwa ngokuya ngesimo esithile sehhovisi lokushintshisana. Uma idatha yeziphathimandla ingalungile, izophinde ibe nomthelela kulo lonke ihhovisi lokushintshisana.3. Iphutha ledatha yomsebenzisi: Idatha yomsebenzisi ichaza isimo somsebenzisi ngamunye. Uma idatha yomsebenzisi isethwe ngokungalungile, izoba nomthelela kumsebenzisi othile.4, ukulungiselelwa kwe-hardware akufanelekile: ukulungiselelwa kwe-hardware ukunciphisa uhlobo lwebhodi lesifunda, kanye neqembu noma amaqembu amaningana okushintshwa avuliwe. ibhodi lesifunda, ukuchaza isimo sokusebenza sebhodi lesifunda noma isikhundla ohlelweni, uma i-hardware ingasethwanga kahle, izoholela ebhodini lesifunda lingasebenzi kahle. Lolu hlobo lokwehluleka kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuluthola, ludinga inani elithile lokuqongelela ulwazi. Uma ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi kunenkinga yini ngokucushwa, buyisela ukucushwa okuzenzakalelayo kwasefekthri bese isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kungcono ukufunda imiyalelo ngaphambi kokucushwa.
(3) Izici zangaphandle:
Ngenxa yobukhona bamagciwane noma ukuhlasela kwe-hacker, kungenzeka ukuthi umsingathi angathumela inombolo enkulu yamaphakethe angahlangabezani nemithetho ye-encapsulation ku-port exhunyiwe, okuholela ekutheni i-switch processor ibe matasa kakhulu, okuholela ekutheni amaphakethe aphuze kakhulu. ukudlulisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekuvuzeni kwebhafa kanye nesenzeko sokulahleka kwephakethe. Elinye icala yisiphepho sokusakaza, esingathathi nje kuphela umkhawulokudonsa omningi wenethiwekhi, kodwa futhi sithatha isikhathi esiningi sokucubungula i-CPU. Uma inethiwekhi igcwele inombolo enkulu yamaphakethe edatha yokusakaza isikhathi eside, ukuxhumana okujwayelekile kwephoyinti kuya kwephuzu ngeke kwenziwe ngendlela evamile, futhi isivinini senethiwekhi sizohamba kancane noma sikhubazeke.
Ngamafuphi, ukwehluleka kwesoftware kufanele kube nzima kakhulu ukukuthola kunokwehluleka kwehadiwe. Lapho uxazulula inkinga, kungase kungadingi ukuchitha imali eningi, kodwa kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe. Umlawuli wenethiwekhi kufanele enze umkhuba wokugcina amalogi emsebenzini wakhe wansuku zonke. Noma nini lapho iphutha lenzeka, qopha ngesikhathi esifanele isenzo sephutha, inqubo yokuhlaziya amaphutha, isisombululo samaphutha, isifinyezo sokuhlukaniswa kwamaphutha kanye nomunye umsebenzi, ukuze baqongelele ulwazi lwabo. Ngemva kokuxazulula inkinga ngayinye, sizobuyekeza ngokucophelela umsuka wenkinga nesixazululo. Ngale ndlela singazithuthukisa njalo futhi siqedele kangcono umsebenzi obalulekile wokuphatha inethiwekhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2024